Patterns of e-commerce Categories of Electronic Commerce

Patterns of e-commerce Categories of Electronic Commerce
 
Produced practical experience to pursue policies of e-commerce that was before the government sector or the private sector for many of the patterns of usage, it has ranged between uses of the corporate sector and the government sector and consumers, as well as the emergence of other ways to apply non-road routine that originated them (using the computer and the Internet
International).

But what is important is to recognize the used her in any field can benefit more in this kind of trade, where there are categories fits e-commerce applications more than others if someone, for example, developed a computer program and wanted to sell traditional style he will have to take the risk and possibly exposed to loss
But if he creates a site to promote the program and sell it directly through downloaded via the Internet, it thus will be able to overcome the obstacles production

Distribution, sales and so on, and in writing (Art of War) noted author (Sun Tzu) that he should be on the warrior's good to know the enemy and knows himself but this wisdom does not unsaid only to those who lead an army of Mongols, trade is electronic require the same level of knowledge
([1]), and the party that is trying to be pursued to know first about the nature and the nature of the trade and then fell possibilities available to them and therefore can decide whether it will succeed in pursued or not, and in any area of ​​e-commerce be appropriate to succeed
in it, the market is commercial in which include different types to handle different parties for clients.
We will try to address in this section on patterns of e-commerce for the most important types of weight and a share in the total trade and then touching to at least post patterns and share it:

First: e-commerce from the corporate sector - to - corporate sector Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce called short (B-to-B) or (B2B) and some call it (business - to - business), and many are the applications and business events e
fall under this label, so try researcher to up to ideas proximity with traditional commerce to facilitate the process of identifying e-commerce, were there are applications electronic This pattern of trade can be termed (b wholesale markets electronic), since the known human trade, and people between the seller and buyer
exchange sites, but differed standards, in quantity, type, and quality, and every one of us knows that there is a market clause in his city, but differed Tzmyate even within a single country, but the wholesale markets from all over the land to the West of the world, gathered, including common factors significant Perhaps the most important:

1.
The small number of shops where, compared with the consumer markets (retail).

2.
Few patrons, mostly originally Dealers.

3.
The large transactions amounts that exceed the usually fairly routine expenses.

4.
Where the customer knows exactly what you're looking for, and has the specific characteristics of what would like to buy it.

This same reality can imagine in the wholesale markets electronic and termed markets (B2B) denote the trade, which would normally be, which is limited to companies with each other, and for this it is not surprising to find a little bit of this type of sites on the web if what has been
compared with the remaining e-commerce sites, consumer-oriented, for example, which have both ends dealer and the consumer and to the fact that the above locations not only frequented by traders, they appear exactly as the traditional wholesale market known to mankind since smoothness .

There are studies conducted and conducted several research centers specialized in e-commerce shows that the oldest patterns of e-commerce is the deal between the companies and each other named (Business-to-Business) has begun that historically in the world auto industry between the manufacturer of the car and manufacturers of raw materials and parts within the
as well as corporate and commercial agencies distributed for this car, and is currently the trade pattern of the (B-to-B) is the most common types of e-commerce prevalent in the world and tend to more than (80-90%) of the electronic transactions of the most valuable and economic importance, as indicated Foundation (
e Marketer) Research e-commerce that control business transactions between companies and each other effectively equivalent to six times the value of e-commerce between the corporate sector and consumers, and where Examples of this type of trade, trading via the Internet directly to the various commodities such as steel, plastic,

And chemicals, and the scope of Altrdadt used to send information across the network (the exchange of information and data), and also include alliances between carmakers and the aviation and space industries, and even retail businesses (singular) for the purchase of inputs and components for its production via the Internet directly.
 
Second: The e-commerce sector companies - to - consumer sector Business-to-consumer called short (B-to-C) or (B2C), or as some call pattern of e-commerce merchant (company or institution) and the consumer, which means the sale of goods and services
companies to the consumer or business dealings through the sale of retail electronic (retail) for the consumer as called by some label electronic shopping (Electronic Shopping), or retail electronic (Electronic retailing) to distinguish it from trade between the corporate sector and each other, has moved phenomenon markets
traditional society normal to the Internet, where it was set a large number of websites marketing on the network to serve as a market Virtual (Virtual market) wide sell retail a wide variety of goods and services for consumers may range from clothing and electronics, movies, CDs and a lot of different services
serve consumers in one form or another, since consumers are more pioneers who are attending the Internet, therefore, this type of market has spread dramatically, In a bulletin statistical report site (www.ftc.gov) confirms the spread of this kind of commercial sites above the world
as it represents only the United States of America (33%) of the sites of America marketing, and projections indicate to the ever-increasing number of buyers of these sites instead they go into shops traditional markets to buy them, it is enough to know that although the volume of trade (B2B) a
about (85%) of the total volume of e-commerce, but the trade (B2C) any of the corporate sector - to - consumer sector which does not exceed its share (15%) receiving increased attention (95%) of the cover

Various media to the issue of e-commerce, as polls suggest again that the activity of these trade refers consistently to the pattern of e-commerce (B2C) in numerous times is the largest in the expressions of the size of the transaction ([1]), or any other measure of another field (B2C),
For this and as well as what progress the trade (B2C) or retail electronic (e-Retailing) has become occupy the attention of many researchers and observers of the activities of e-commerce, and became merchants who pursue this type of trade rising rates of use of the Internet, and since 2000, began the process of using
network by retailers growing upward, where statistics indicate Foundation (Gartner Group) Research Trade that this type of e-commerce has made a profit after two years of this boom business of any in 2002 approximately (110 billion U.S. dollars) in the United States alone,
where with population growth users to the Internet, which is close to about 90% of the sector size of families in the United States in 2001, which represents the possibility of approximately (170 million consumers), this indicates that there is turnout very severe towards commerce (B2C) or
retail electronic (e-Retailing), and on this basis it is possible to say that the traders the most lucrative in this type are traders who are still in their work which addresses consumers fully and care about how to get to achieve rates of good returns through the use of their expertise in traditional trade and employment
In this new style of trade.

Third: e-commerce from the corporate sector - to - government sector Business-to-Government called short (B-to-G) or (B2G) includes this pattern of trade all transactions involving companies and their attached devices government, also fall under this pattern
of commerce, e-government procurement of various goods from companies as well as business

And contracts pertaining to the work of the government where they are by this pattern of trade tendering for government work different post by companies.

But can include acts of a commercial nature if the rent board Endowments Lands certain governmental bodies or leased buildings to government departments and so on.

Fifth: The e-commerce sector, the government - to - corporate sector Government-to-Business and called short (G-to-B) or (G2B) In this type of e-commerce, where the government uses the Internet to share information with companies, including information
business taxes and customs tax and other such information, and include services provided by government agencies for both companies on their websites or in their traditional positions in the real world, not the default.

Sixth: The e-commerce sector, the government - to - sector individuals consumers Government-to-Consumer called short (G-to-C) or (G2C) In this type of trade is the exchange of information between government agencies and consumers, as well as include this type of services
provided by government agencies to citizens such as educational or cultural services and medical or to provide researchers with a particular branch of scientific specialists statistics and data, as well as this pattern includes ads for government agencies have vacancies.

It uses this pattern when it sells consumer to consumer, another commodity directly For example, when a consumer is to announce the existence of a particular commodity owned (as if they are a masterpiece) and wants sold on its Web site, and like last done by a U.S. company
on its web site which (eBay.com) where consumers can through this site exchange and sale of various goods and services available to them directly without the need to enter their Broker.

Eighth: e-commerce from an independent person - to - person independent Peer-to-Peer and called short (P-to-P) or (P2P) and other so-called e-commerce (peer - to - peer) and this pattern can network users to share
in the electronic files of certain computer directly without recourse to research programs on the Internet, for example, someone who has a file or program specific e already bought the sell to someone else, and the probability that at a lower price than the original company manufacturer for this file or program and, of course, without its permission
, and often this is done in the case of music files and directly without any interference or conversion of a third party intermediary electronic, has sought some investors adventurers to set up web sites that facilitate the process of participation and communication among the parties of this type of e-commerce and help them in the search for
I knew music files files (MP3) such as the location (Napster.com), which has established in order to help web users to participate in and search the web for music files.

Ninth: mobile commerce Mobile Commerce called short (M-Commerce), and mobile commerce one patterns of e-commerce the most recent to the Provisions of the use of the devices almost be evolution quarterly, if not less, and mobile commerce refers to the use of radios and modern containing
large memory and digital screen as one of the digital tools that enable us to conclude deals on the internet

Or individuals, so we must work to provide the requirements of a successful e-commerce is the presence of solid infrastructure capable of meeting the required technical requirements and then working to provide the conditions that we see necessary for the successful operation of e-commerce at the level of the Arab countries.

First: Infrastructure for E-commerce E-commerce Infrastructure ([1]): adopt e-commerce in the position reached by the day, on a variety of computer technologies and information networks and networks of telecommunications, which is advancing rapidly amazing, as this infrastructure can be addressed
by talking about the four elements are integrated Networks and networking software Software and hardware needed Hardware and human resources.

A. 

Networks Networks:

Networks are defined as a series of computers connected with each other in a way that allows the exchange of information and conduct electronic communications through the use of cables or telephone lines or satellites.

As a result of technological developments and technology has been reached to networks that transmit data through the fragmented files and messages to the packets are transferred electronically from one computer to another over a network, where the advantage of these networks quickly transfer data in large quantities at lower cost, and in the world of e-commerce there are three networks

Used to work on connecting participants with each other is the Internet, Intranet and Extranet.
   
B. 

E-commerce software Electronic Commerce Software:

Are selected by e-commerce software fields whether business-oriented or customer-oriented.
In general, there are types of software that supports this type of trade and the most important of these software are:
1.
They performed the software to create interaction and participation in real-time between customers and content directories pictured include electronic product different from the data in a readily accessible manner and handle.
This software provides data update capabilities and the ability to change as needed to change.

Software body (Figure) Product Product Configuration:

This software enables companies to help customers select the product that they need and composition, especially in the field (B2B) on-line (no recommendation for the product), for example, is used by Dell for computers such software to help customers to visualize the computer future who want it.
C.  

The physical infrastructure consists of e-commerce hardware and the following annexes:
   .
Computer Hardware Computers:

It is user computers connected by the Internet computers Home (Host Computers) and have each major computer address is relying upon to send and receive information.

Converter Modem:

It is a device that connects computers to the user to the Internet via the channels of communication, and works of this device to convert the digital signal (Digital Signals) when transferring data stored in one computer to another computer also has a transformer based from which to re-interpret the data to then be stored or displayed
on the screen.

Communication channels Communication Channels:

A means of communication you transfer data between computers over the network, and this means phone lines and fiber optic cables (Fiber optic Cable) and copper wire (Copper Wire) and satellites (Satellites) and other means, and different data transfer speed by the channel used, for
example, the transfer of data via satellites faster (100 times) transferred over regular phone lines.

D.
Human resources:

Have resulted in e-commerce to a real revolution in how individuals with their work, and have contributed to job creation and job opportunities of a new type that combines skills and administrative capacity and technological development, on the other hand contributed to the cancellation of some of the functions that could be dispensed with as a result of the new technology used in the business in addition to developing the skills of
and new experiences in administrative functions and existing technology, so there are jobs became not carried out, but who has the  

Experience and knowledge in technological and administrative sides, which are available only in those companies that apply strategic e-commerce application.